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Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) nursing NCLEX lecture on the symptoms, GERD diet, nursing interventions, and treatment. GERD is a chronic condition where stomach contents is flowing back up into the esophagus. What causes gastroesophageal reflux disease? GERD is mainly due to a weak or damaged lower esophageal sphincter. The LES is a collection of circular muscles at the end of the esophagus that closes and prevent toxic acids and GI contents from flowing back into the esophagus once it enters the stomach. What causes the LES to become weak? Many things such as pressure on the LES from pregnancy, obesity, hiatal hernia, or overeating along with medications such as antihistamines, calcium channel blockers, sedatives, and even smoking. In addition, GERD can be caused by delayed gastric emptying or impaired motility of the esophagus. Signs and symptoms of GERD include: heartburn, regurgitation (bitter taste in the mouth), dry chronic cough especially at night, upper GI pain, voice changes, nausea, problems swallowing etc. Complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease include: narrowing of the esophagus (strictures), Barret's esophagus, bleeding, increased risk of esophageal cancer, aspiration, lungs infections, and ear infections. What is the treatment for GERD? It is treated with lifestyle changes (smoking cessation, weight loss, diet changes etc.), medications, and in the worst cases surgery (fundoplication). How is gastroesophageal reflux disease diagnosed? An endoscopy is performed to assess the esophagus for changes such as erosion or strictures etc. Esophageal manometry assesses the function of the esophagus' ability to squeeze food down into the stomach and how the lower esophageal sphincter closes. PH monitoring measures the acid amounts in the esophagus for a 24 hour period as the patient perform activities of daily living (a small tube stays in the esophagus to help measure the acid amounts) Medications used to treat GERD include: Antacids, histamine receptor blockers, proton-pump inhibitors, and prokinetics. Nursing interventions for GERD include: diet teaching (avoids foods that relax the lower esophageal spincter: peppermint/spearmint, alcohol, coffee, fatty/greasy foods), smoking cessation, limiting acids foods such as citrus and tomatoes, avoid eating right before bed, sitting up an hour after a meal, and eating small meals rather than large ones. Monitor the patient for complications, assessing quality/frequency of pain, medication history, and administering medications per MD order. GERD Quiz: https://www.registerednursern.com/gerd-nclex-practice-quiz/ Notes: https://www.registerednursern.com/gerd-nclex-review/ More GI videos: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfVVQ5TeRY7Vy1Tq3pcGTDFO Subscribe: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=registerednursern Nursing School Supplies: http://www.registerednursern.com/the-ultimate-list-of-nursing-medical-supplies-and-items-a-new-nurse-student-nurse-needs-to-buy/ Nursing Job Search: http://www.registerednursern.com/nursing-career-help/ Visit our website RegisteredNurseRN.com for free quizzes, nursing care plans, salary information, job search, and much more: http://www.registerednursern.com Check out other Videos: https://www.youtube.com/user/RegisteredNurseRN/videos All of our videos in a playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pAhHxt663pU&list=PLQrdx7rRsKfXMveRcN4df0bad3ugEaQnk Popular Playlists: NCLEX Reviews: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfWtwCDmLHyX2UeHofCIcgo0 Fluid & Electrolytes: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfWJSZ9pL8L3Q1dzdlxUzeKv Nursing Skills: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfUhd_qQYEbp0Eab3uUKhgKb Nursing School Study Tips: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfWBO40qeDmmaMwMHJEWc9Ms Nursing School Tips & Questions" https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfVQok-t1X5ZMGgQr3IMBY9M Teaching Tutorials: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfUkW_DpJekN_Y0lFkVNFyVF Types of Nursing Specialties: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfW8dRD72gUFa5W7XdfoxArp Healthcare Salary Information: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfVN0vmEP59Tx2bIaB_3Qhdh New Nurse Tips: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfVTqH6LIoAD2zROuzX9GXZy Nursing Career Help: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfVXjptWyvj2sx1k1587B_pj EKG Teaching Tutorials: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfU-A9UTclI0tOYrNJ1N5SNt Personality Types: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfU0qHnOjj2jf4Hw8aJaxbtm Dosage & Calculations for Nurses: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfUYdl0TZQ0Tc2-hLlXlHNXq Diabetes Health Managment: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfXtEx17D7zC1efmWIX-iIs9
